Supra Courses Answers
Supra Courses Answers
What Are Validators and Why Incentives Matter (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/validator-economics-and-incentive-design/what-are-validators-and-why-incentives-matter)
Encourage honest behavior and network participation
To align their interests with the network and act as collateral
Getting their stake slashed
Tokens from the network
Delegation, Inflation, and Game Theory (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/validator-economics-and-incentive-design/delegation-inflation-and-game-theory)
To participate in rewards without running a node
Dilution of token value for all holders
Structuring incentives so that rational behavior supports the network
To model how validators make decisions under competitive conditions
A portion, based on agreement with the validator
Penalties, Attacks, and Long-Term Sustainability (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/validator-economics-and-incentive-design/penalties-attacks-and-long-term-sustainability)
A penalty that removes part of a validator's stake
Rotating validator sets or stake caps
It can lead to collusion or censorship
Validators might lose interest in maintaining the network
Balancing rewards, penalties, and decentralization
Introducing the $SUPRA Token: Tokenomics and Utility (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introducing-the-supra-token-tokenomics-and-utility)
24 months
Foundation and Treasury
NFT minting
Capital efficiency within the ecosystem
They are locked and cannot earn block rewards
Supra Oracle Upgrade Delivers Sub-Second Data Freshness (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-oracle-upgrade-delivers-sub-second-data-freshness)
DORA (Distributed Oracle Agreement)
600-900 milliseconds
To offer a data and service aggregation layer for dApps
Bypassing the Supra SMR for direct delivery
Learning Supra SDK (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learning-supra-sdk)
It connects your frontend/backend code to Supra's blockchain
In a .env file loaded with doten
SupraAccount
Plain string/number arguments
To make sure the transaction is built with the latest account state
Blockchain for Public Goods and Sustainability (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/blockchain-for-public-goods-and-sustainability)
A resource that benefits everyone and is hard to exclude others from using
Free rider problem
Donation transparency and tracking
A funding model that gives more weight to broadly supported projects
Gitcoin
Regenerative Finance (ReFi) and Environmental Applications (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/blockchain-for-public-goods-and-sustainability/regenerative-finance-re-fi-and-environmental-applications)
Support ecological restoration and sustainability through blockchain tools
On-chain representations of verified carbon emission reductions
By directing funds transparently to eco-friendly projects
Rewarding verified ecological action
KlimaDAO
Supply Chain Transparency and Circular Economies (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/blockchain-for-public-goods-and-sustainability/supply-chain-transparency-and-circular-economies)
By recording every step of a product's journey on a public ledger
Tracking materials for recycling and reuse
They provide tamper-proof proof of sustainability compliance
Through transparent data on sustainability claims
A product's full traceable history
Building a Voting dApp (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/building-a-full-d-app-on-chain/what-they-show)
To store all proposals and voting data for a specific admin
E_ALREADY_VOTED
table < address, bool >
True
It aborts with E_INVALID_PROPOSAL
Move Voting dApp Basics (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/testing-your-full-d-app-on-chain/created-your-first-real-d-app)
init → create → vote → close
So function calls target the correct on-chain module
False
supra move tool view --function-id '::voting::has_store'
It aborts with E_INVALID_PROPOSAL
Introducing SupraSTM: Unlocking Faster Parallel Execution (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introducing-supra-stm-unlocking-faster-parallel-execution/introducing-supra-stm-unlocking-faster-parallel-execution)
Sequential transaction execution, which limits throughput
By deferring dependent transactions until their prerequisites are resolved
To identify dependencies between transactions before execution
It reduces the number of aborts and re-executions by identifying dependencies in advance
It achieved up to a 4× speedup over sequential execution
Tokenomics: What is Token Burning? (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/tokenomics-what-is-token-burning/tokenomics-what-is-token-burning)
To permanently remove tokens from circulation and potentially create deflationary pressure
Stock buybacks result in increased company equity; token burns do not represent ownership
It is transparent, algorithmic, and reflects decentralization ideals
Proof-of-Stake burns
Because the demand side of tokenomics must also be considered
Crypto Wallets & OPSEC Basics (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/crypto-wallets-and-opsec-basics)
Hot wallets are internet-connected; cold wallets are offline and more secure
Cloud services can be compromised, giving hackers access to your funds
You're allowing a smart contract to spend specific tokens on your behalf
A temporary wallet used for testing or risky transactions
Real World Asset Tokenization (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/real-world-asset-tokenization)
It allows fractional ownership and enhances liquidity
NFTs of memes
Each item is unique and non-fungible
Regulatory compliance across jurisdictions
Tezos
Zero-Delay Automation: The Future of On-Chain Execution with Supra (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/zero-delay-automation-future-of-on-chain-execution-supra/zero-delay-automation-future-of-on-chain-execution-supra)
Smart contracts must be externally triggered to run
It eliminates execution delays by processing automation tasks within the same block
Mempool processing
It enables instant liquidation when collateral value drops below the loaned amount
The congestion fee increases if automation usage exceeds a set threshold
Communicating with Supra's L1 (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/communicating-with-supras-l1)
supra move tool init
Move.toml
Compile and test it
The module and function you're calling
view reads data without modifying the blockchain
--rpc-ur
--args string:"Hello world!"
[Learn Move Pt.3] More Move Core Concepts (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/more-move-core-concepts/learning-move-overview-pt3)
Proof that a user authorized the transaction
The transaction fails immediately
It borrows a value immutably (read-only)
&T is read-only, &mut T allows changing the value
Changes the original x value to 10
Let the struct be discarded when no longer needed
o group related values together under one type
Keys are u64, values are String
A growable list of values of the same type
They track balances or settings using key-value pairs
Building a Real dApp Overview (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learning-to-build-a-dapp-on-move/building-a-real-d-app-overview)
To verify and link the caller's identity to their on-chain account
To store all banks by serial number
To map each user's address to their profile and balance
We can't modify two values in the same map at the same time
Validates a condition and aborts if false
The transaction is aborted with an error
To provide a read-only view of their own account balance
register_user()
To separate administrative roles from user participation
It proves that your logic works as expected before deploying
Supra DFMM (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-dfmm)
The constant product formula (xy=k*)
Losses that liquidity providers incur when token prices are volatile
High slippage and price manipulation risks
They allow for trading without a direct counterparty
Earnings from trading fees generated within the pool
Supra's Dynamic Function Market Maker (DFMM) (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-dfmm/supra-s-dynamic-function-market-maker-dfmm)
It relies on external data sources through oracles
It dynamically adjusts trading parameters based on external events
It reduces slippage by allowing faster trade execution
High volatility markets with significant real-world influences
It minimizes their exposure to sudden price changes
How Oracle-Powered AMMs with Supra's Consensus Protocol Enable Super dApps (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-dfmm/how-oracle-powered-amms-with-supra-s-consensus-protocol-enable-super-d-apps)
A multi-chain, high-performance dApp capable of real-time interactions
By ensuring sub-second transaction finality and high throughput
Real-time cross-dApp interactions with seamless user experience
They provide real-time external data to smart contracts
What are dApps? (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/what-are-dapps/introduction-to-dapps)
They operate on a decentralized network without a single controller
DeFi
They allow peer-to-peer interactions without intermediaries
Popular dApp Use Cases (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/what-are-dapps/popular-d-app-use-cases)
Transparent and collective decision-making by the community
To offer peer-to-peer lending and token trading without intermediaries
They use NFTs that players can trade or sell
Challenges Facing dApps (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/what-are-dapps/challenges-facing-d-apps)
Difficulty understanding gas fees and private keys
High gas fees during peak demand
Any errors in smart contracts are difficult to reverse
Tokenizing the World with NFTs (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/tokenizing-the-world-with-nfts/tokenizing-the-world-with-nfts)
Prevention of counterfeit tickets and traceable ownership history
Algorithmic trading bot
It encodes upgradeable attributes and identification information.
It verifies and updates metadata from off-chain data sources.
They are unique and not exchanged on a like-for-like basis.
Supra Oracles (DORA) (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-oracles/what-do-oracles-do-and-how-do-they-increase-the-utility-of-smart-contracts)
It allows dApps to tokenize and trade real-world assets.
They are limited to on-chain data only.
They provide off-chain data to smart contracts.
By giving smart contracts access to off-chain data.
Distributed Oracle (DORA) Protocol (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-oracles/distributed-oracle-dora-protocol)
By randomly giving nodes different roles and periodically re-shuffling them.
Distributed Oracle Agreement
600-900 milliseconds
Clans ; Tribes ; Validators
DORA Operations on the Happy Path (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-oracles/dora-operations-on-the-happy-path)
In the presence of Byzantine faults, computing mean values negatively affects data accuracy.
They can create centralized points of failure.
Requiring oracle nodes to stake crypto assets as collateral.
t is the median value of all representative values derived from honest nodes.
Fallback Protocols for Adverse Conditions (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-oracles/fallback-protocols-for-adverse-conditions)
It begins when the fallback timer elapses without forming a coherent cluster.
Increased likelihood of trade slippage or front-running by malicious users.
Potential for internal collusion or manipulation by external attacks.
It means that 2ft+1 digitally signed values have been validated.
Fast, Secure Oracle Clans Enable Supra to Securely Scale (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supra-oracles/fast-secure-oracle-clans-enable-supra-to-securely-scale)
By speeding up data validation to facilitate secure trading of assets.
It creates a bridge between digital and physical economies on-chain.
They ensure accurate, real-time data for smart contracts.
Data freshness is maintained at 600-900 milliseconds.
Developer Roadmap (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/developer-roadmap/welcome-to-the-supra-developer-roadmap)
Yes
Cryptography Basics (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/cryptography-basics/quiz-first)
Small Changes Impact
To create a unique digital fingerprint for data
It prevents different inputs from generating the same hash output
SHA-256
Pre-image Resistance
Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Cryptography (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/cryptography-basics/quiz-2)
To decrypt the message
Symmetric Key Cryptography
AES
Asymmetric Key Cryptography
Solves the key distribution problem
Digital Signatures and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/cryptography-basics/quiz-3)
To create the digital signature
zk-SNARKs
Enhanced privacy
To validate the authenticity and integrity of a message
Digital Signatures
Supra's Vertically Integrated Infrastructure Stack (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/native-vertical-integration-of-blockchain-services)
They provide decentralized verifiable randomness to power secure dApps.
It delivers off-chain data to the blockchain in both pull and push formats.
To combine multiple blockchain services on a single Layer 1 network.
Native tokens, programmable fungible and non-fungible tokens, and standard cross-chain tokens.
IntraLayer – Cross-Chain Automation for Digital Finance (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/intra-layer-cross-chain-automation-for-digital-finance)
To enable autonomous agents to operate and transact across multiple systems.
It enables real-time, tamper-proof data flow for autonomous agents.
To execute cross-chain transactions and interact with DApps.
By managing collateral and enabling seamless cross-chain swaps.
Supra's Core Insight – Tribes and Clans (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/supra-s-core-insight-tribes-and-clans)
It minimizes the probability of a clan being compromised.
By tolerating up to one-half Byzantine nodes with a smaller committee.
Unified services with reduced operational costs and enhanced security.
A subset of a tribe that tolerates up to one-half Byzantine nodes.
Transaction Flow and Consensus Protocol (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/transaction-flow-and-consensus-protocol)
Within individual clans.
It orders blocks containing DAQCs and metadata for fast finality.
It is submitted via a wallet or dApp to a gateway RPC node.
Batch proposers collect transactions from primary and secondary buckets.
Containers and Conclusion (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/containers-and-conclusion)
By leveraging atomic composability of cross-container method calls.
They provide customizable fee markets and reduce infrastructure overhead.
To group related smart contracts into dedicated execution environments.
By partitioning the blockchain state and allowing intra-container transactions to run in parallel.
Trade at Machine Speed: How AutoFi Will Transform Onchain Trading (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/trade-at-machine-speed-how-autofi-will-transform-onchain-trading)
It removes execution delays by ensuring trades happen in the same block as their conditions
It executes trades immediately within the same block that conditions are met
It ensures that stop-loss and limit orders trigger exactly when market conditions align
"Buy 1 ETH when BTC crosses $80,000 AND XRP drops below $2.00"
By executing trades in the same block that conditions are met, preventing bots from reacting
What is Move? (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introduction-to-move-and-supra-development/what-is-move)
Blockchain development
To power the Libra (Diem) project by Meta
It prevents common vulnerabilities like reentrancy attacks
Digital assets behave like real-world objects and can't be duplicated or destroyed accidentally
Downloading Move From Supra (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introduction-to-move-and-supra-development/downloading-supra-cli)
Allows you to store Move smart contracts in an organized location
To provide a workspace for writing, testing, and debugging code
It allows running applications in isolated environments
Visual Studio Code and Cursor
Check Your Deployment on SupraScan (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introduction-to-move-and-supra-development/verifying-function-call)
To define project settings, including the profile address for deployment
So it becomes available on the blockchain for interaction
To create a unique identifier for deploying and interacting with smart contracts
Modules and scripts required for Move smart contract development
To execute transactions without using real funds
Move Standard Libraries (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/move-standard-libraries)
It prints the value to help you debug or check your work
let my_value: u64 = 10;
To pass a reference instead of moving the value
The function is private by default
It creates a value that never changes
Learning bool (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/learning-bool)
The condition evaluates to false
To make decisions based on true or false conditions
Convert raw bytes into a readable String format
It tells Move that it's a blockchain address value
true
To automatically run it during testing
let defines a value that can change, const defines one that canno
What Are "Friends" in Move? (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/what-are-friends-in-move)
Declare it as public(friend)
Move will show an error saying the function is internal to its module
Only the specific modules listed as friend
Move tests check if the function logic works, not the printed resul
Mark the function as public(friend) and declare friend visibility2;
Anyone can call the function, including external contracts
To allow trusted specific modules to call protected functions
What We Did to the Smart Contract (for Loop) (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/what-we-did-to-the-smart-contract)
It lets you check another condition if the previous one was false
The else block runs
To check a condition and make decisions based on it
3 times
3
Supra's Vertically Integrated Infrastructure Stack (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/native-vertical-integration-of-blockchain-services)
They provide decentralized verifiable randomness to power secure dApps.
It delivers off-chain data to the blockchain in both pull and push formats.
To combine multiple blockchain services on a single Layer 1 network.
Native tokens, programmable fungible and non-fungible tokens, and standard cross-chain tokens.
IntraLayer – Cross-Chain Automation for Digital Finance (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/intra-layer-cross-chain-automation-for-digital-finance)
To enable autonomous agents to operate and transact across multiple systems.
It enables real-time, tamper-proof data flow for autonomous agents.
To execute cross-chain transactions and interact with DApps.
By managing collateral and enabling seamless cross-chain swaps.
Supra's Core Insight – Tribes and Clans (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/supra-s-core-insight-tribes-and-clans)
It minimizes the probability of a clan being compromised.
By tolerating up to one-half Byzantine nodes with a smaller committee.
Unified services with reduced operational costs and enhanced security.
A subset of a tribe that tolerates up to one-half Byzantine nodes.
Transaction Flow and Consensus Protocol (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/transaction-flow-and-consensus-protocol)
Within individual clans.
It orders blocks containing DAQCs and metadata for fast finality.
It is submitted via a wallet or dApp to a gateway RPC node.
Batch proposers collect transactions from primary and secondary buckets.
Containers and Conclusion (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/supras-vertically-integrated-infrastructure-stack/containers-and-conclusion)
By leveraging atomic composability of cross-container method calls.
They provide customizable fee markets and reduce infrastructure overhead.
To group related smart contracts into dedicated execution environments.
By partitioning the blockchain state and allowing intra-container transactions to run in parallel.
Trade at Machine Speed: How AutoFi Will Transform Onchain Trading (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/trade-at-machine-speed-how-autofi-will-transform-onchain-trading)
It removes execution delays by ensuring trades happen in the same block as their conditions
It executes trades immediately within the same block that conditions are met
It ensures that stop-loss and limit orders trigger exactly when market conditions align
"Buy 1 ETH when BTC crosses $80,000 AND XRP drops below $2.00"
By executing trades in the same block that conditions are met, preventing bots from reacting
What is Move? (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introduction-to-move-and-supra-development/what-is-move)
Blockchain development
To power the Libra (Diem) project by Meta
It prevents common vulnerabilities like reentrancy attacks
Digital assets behave like real-world objects and can't be duplicated or destroyed accidentally
Downloading Move From Supra (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introduction-to-move-and-supra-development/downloading-supra-cli)
Allows you to store Move smart contracts in an organized location
To provide a workspace for writing, testing, and debugging code
It allows running applications in isolated environments
Visual Studio Code and Cursor
Check Your Deployment on SupraScan (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/introduction-to-move-and-supra-development/verifying-function-call)
To define project settings, including the profile address for deployment
So it becomes available on the blockchain for interaction
To create a unique identifier for deploying and interacting with smart contracts
Modules and scripts required for Move smart contract development
To execute transactions without using real funds
Move Standard Libraries (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/move-standard-libraries)
It prints the value to help you debug or check your work
let my_value: u64 = 10;
To pass a reference instead of moving the value
The function is private by default
It creates a value that never changes
Learning bool (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/learning-bool)
The condition evaluates to false
To make decisions based on true or false conditions
Convert raw bytes into a readable String format
It tells Move that it's a blockchain address value
true
To automatically run it during testing
let defines a value that can change, const defines one that canno
What Are "Friends" in Move? (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/what-are-friends-in-move)
Declare it as public(friend)
Move will show an error saying the function is internal to its module
Only the specific modules listed as friend
Move tests check if the function logic works, not the printed resul
Mark the function as public(friend) and declare friend visibility2;
Anyone can call the function, including external contracts
To allow trusted specific modules to call protected functions
What We Did to the Smart Contract (for Loop) (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/what-we-did-to-the-smart-contract)
It lets you check another condition if the previous one was falseThe else block runsTo check a condition and make decisions based on it3 times3Repeats a block of code until a condition becomes falsefor loops automatically handle the counter; while loops require manual updates
Smart Contract Example: Assert (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/smart-contract-example-assert)To mark that you expect the test to abort, not pass normallyWhen you want a cleaner way to check a condition inside your functionThe test will fail because it wasn't expected to abortIt checks a condition and aborts if the condition is falseStops the contract immediately and returns an error codeThe function immediately stops with error code 1001The contract aborts immediately with the given error code
Arithmetic and Equality (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/arithmetic-and-equality)
Conversions Move (https://supra.com/blastoff/courses/learn-move-core-concepts/conversions-move)
It narrows the number to a smaller typeu128Token supplyTo keep data available between transactions and usersRounding a precise thermometer reading to a simpler displayTo reduce storage space or fit downstream function requirements1